[1] Adebayo, O. and Oyetola B.T. (2021). Food safety and hygienic practices among food vendors in Egbeda Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State. Food Science and Quality Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/109-02
[2] Adejimi, A., Kehinde, G., and Abiola, A.-H. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of meat hygiene among meat handlers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of General Practice, 18(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.4103/njgp.njgp_8_20
[3] Adesokan, H. K., Obimdike, O. C., and Adetunji, V. O. (2021). Informal and formal meat marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria: public health implications from microbial assessment. PAMJ - One Health, 5. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj-oh.2021.5.15.28743
[4] Adesokan, H. K., Obimdike, O. C., and Adetunji, V. O. (2021). Informal and formal meat marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria: public health implications from microbial assessment. PAMJ - One Health, 5. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj-oh.2021.5.15.28743
[5] Adhikari, M., Kishore, A., Koirala, P., Rashid, S., and Chand, I. (2024). Social Safety Nets in Nepal: A Review. The Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA). Kathmandu, Nepal. https://hdl.handle.net/10883/34956
[6] Adzitey F., Sulleyman K.W., and Kum P.K. (2020). Knowledge and Practices of Meat safety by Meat sellers in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Food Protection Trends. 40 (1), 40-47.
[7] Alhaji, N., and Baiwa, M. (2015). Factors affecting workers’ delivery of good hygienic and sanitary operations in slaughterhouses in north-central Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 13(1), 29–37
[8] Alonge, G., Salahu, B., Adejuyigbe, A., and Fapohunda, J. (2006). Gender analysis of the butchery and meat selling industry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v3i1.33705
[9] Alyafei, A., and Easton-Carr, R. (2024). The health belief model of behaviour change. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK606120/
[10] Anderson, A. L., Verrill, L. A., and Sahyoun, N. R. (2011). Food Safety Perceptions and Practices of Older Adults. Public Health Reports, 126(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491112600213
[11] Bagayas, M. (2024).The Importance of Water Quality in Food Safety. Available on https://krakensense.com/blog/water-quality-food-safety
[12] Bughti, A., Abro, S. H., Kamboh, A. A., Leghari, R. A., Kumar, C., and Koondhar, S. A. (2017). Bacterial contamination of raw meat and butchers' equipment in retail shops in Tando-Allahyar, Pakistan. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2017/5.3.115.119
[13] Bulama Y.M, Idi A.S, Bashir G., and Garba S. (2024). Analysis of safety strategies among fresh meat sellers in Maiduguri metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Science, 10(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.56160/jaeess/2024/10/1/007
[14] Champion, V. L., and Skinner, C. S. (2008). The health belief model. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, and K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behaviour and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed., pp. 45-65). Jossey-Bass.
[15] Enunwaonye HC, Olugbade AC. (2020). Factors hindering compliance with food safety among food handlers in Benin City markets, Edo state, Nigeria. J food safe and hyg; 6(1): 28-37.
[16] Ezenduka, E. V., et al. (2019). Meat safety hazards associated with the consumption of suya in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 13(3), 37–43.
[17] Gebeyehu, D. T., and Tsegaye, H. (2022). Food safety knowledge and practice of abattoir and butcher shop workers: a health risk management perspective. One Health Outlook, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-022-00070-1
[18] Gizaw, Z. (2019). Public Health Risks Related to Food Safety Issues in the Food market: a Systematic Literature Review. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0825-5
[19] Glatzel, K. (2017). Why supporting Africa´s informal markets could mean better nutrition for poor city dwellers. In: IFPRI Blog: research post. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
[20] Guneri O. I, and Durmus, B. (2020). Dependent Dummy Variable Models: An Application of Logit, Probit, and Tobit models on Survey data. International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (IJCESEN) Vol 6 (1), 63-74, Doi: 10.22399/ijcesen.666512
[21] Hasan, M. A., Uddin, M. B., and Ahmed, S. S. U. (2024). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Meat Hygiene among Slaughterhouse Workers and Retail Meat Sellers in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 10(22), e40066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40066
[22] Hasan, M. A., Uddin, M. B., and Ahmed, S. S. U. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of meat hygiene among slaughterhouse workers and retail meat sellers in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 10(22), e40066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40066
[23] Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., and Pal, D. (2015). Likert scale: explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/14975
[24] Kehinde G.J, Adejimi AA, Abiola A H. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices of meat hygiene among meat handlers in Lagos state, Nigeria. J Gen Pract. 18: 27-36. Doi: 10.4103/NJGP.NJGP_8_20
[25] Kurotimipa, F. O., Izah, S. C., Odangowei, I. O., Odoligie, I., and Ogwu, M. C. (2023). Slaughterhouse facilities in developing nations: sanitation and hygiene practices, microbial contaminants and sustainable management system. Food Science and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01406-x
[26] Leahy, E, Thomas, L, Mutua, F, and Grace, D. (2021). Assessing food safety interventions relevant to foodborne zoonoses in low- and middle-income countries. Feed the Future. Available on https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/496444110/eatsafe-assessing-food-safety-interventions-relevant-to-foodborne-zoonoses-in-low-and-middle-income-countries.pdf
[27] Lukman, A. F., Mohammed, S., Olaluwoye, O., and Farghali, R. A. (2024). Handling multicollinearity and outliers in logistic regression using the robust Kibria–Lukman estimator. Axioms, 14(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14010019
[28] Maria, B. (2023). Ensuring Access to Basic Necessities: The Importance of Sustainable Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. Journal of International Social Research, 16(99)
[29] Obadina, A. O., Liverpool-Tasie, S. and Martins, I. E. (2024). Enhancing Food Safety in Oyo State. (2024). Available on https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/policy-brief-enhancing-food-safety-in-oyo-state
[30] Okoli, C. E., Chah, K. F., Nwanta, J. A., and Njoga, E.O. (2025). Assessment of Safety Awareness and Practices among workers and the Sanitation standard of contact surfaces in selected abattoirs in Abuja. Animal Research International 22 (1); 5915-5930
[31] Olajubutu, D., Ologundudu, O., and Adegbite, M. (2021). Compliance of Rural and Urban Food Vendors to Food Safety Regulations in Oyo State, Nigeria. Sci Res Jr Agr Lf Sci 1 (3). 1-7.
[32] Onyeaka, H., Ekwebelem, O. C., Eze, U. A., Onwuka, Q. I., Aleke, J., Nwaiwu, O., and Chionuma, J. O. (2021). Improving Food Safety Culture in Nigeria: A Review of Practical Issues. Foods, 10(8), 1878. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081878
[33] Rehal, V. (2025). Probit Model: Theory and Estimation - SPUR ECONOMICS. SPUR ECONOMICS - Learn and Excel. https://spureconomics.com/probit-model-theory-and-estimation/#:~:text=In%20our%20example%2C%20this%20would,the%20Logit%20and%20Probit%20Models.
[34] Sabău-Popa, C. D., Simut, R., Droj, L., and Bențe, C. C. (2020). Analysing the financial health of the SMES listed in the AERO market of the Bucharest Stock Exchange using principal component analysis. Sustainability, 12(9), 3726. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093726
[35] Singh, R., and Puniya, A. K. (2024). Role of Food Safety Regulations in Protecting Public Health. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 64(3), 1376–1378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01240-7
[36] Teferi, S. C. (2022). Food Safety Practice and Its Associated Factors among Meat Handlers in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Science, 2022, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5829352
[37] Tegegne, H. A., and Phyo, H. W. W. (2017). Food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of meat handler in abattoir and retail meat shops of Jigjiga Town, Ethiopia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 58(4), E320–E327. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2017.58.4.737
[38] Thorsen, M., Hill, J., Farber, J., Yiannas, F., Rietjens, I. M. C. M., Venter, P., Lues, R., and Bremer, P. (2025). Megatrends and emerging issues: Impacts on food safety. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.70170
[39] United Nations. (June 2024). World Food Safety Day | United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/observances/food-safety-day
[40] Uzoama, J. O., Kimm, H., and Konlan, K. D. (2023). Factors associated with food safety practices among food handlers in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria. Journal of Global Health Science, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2023.5.e9
[41] Wallace, F., Mittal, N., Lambertini, E., and Nordhagen, S. (2022). Vendor Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Food Safety in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. Journal of Food Protection, 85(7), 1069–1078. https://doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-439
[42] World Bank Study (2009). Global study of livestock markets, slaughterhouses and related waste management systems final report. Available on https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/156701468147583817/pdf/696530ESW0P1000l0Study0of0Livestock.pdf
[43] World Health Organization. (2024, October 4). Food safety. Who.int; World Health Organization: WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety
[44] Yeboah, I., Asante, B. O., Prah, S., Boansi, D., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Asante, I. S., and Aidoo, R. (2023). Perception and adoption of food safety practices (FSP) among beef sellers and consumers: Empirical evidence from Ghana. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2287285
[45] Zemachu A., Nathnael Z., and Ayalew, M. (2023). Meat hygiene knowledge, handling practices and associated factors among meat handlers in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42225-8