IJMPD | Anti-bacterial and Anti-oxidant Studies on the Stem Bark Extracts of Prunusafricana

Indexing and Abstracting

Anti-bacterial and Anti-oxidant Studies on the Stem Bark Extracts of Prunusafricana

Teshale Ayano Begeno

International Journal of Medical, Pharmacy and Drug Research(IJMPD), Vol-4,Issue-3, May - June 2020, Pages 16-23 , 10.22161/ijmpd.4.3.2

Download | Downloads : | Total View : 1018

Abstract:

Prunusafricana belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is a geographically wide spread tree to forest habitats of the African continent. P. africana is one of the most popular plants in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. It is mainly used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BHP). The study was aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of stem bark extract from P. africana. The air dried and powdered plant material (300 g) was first soaked with 400mLofn-hexane for 72 hours and yielded 1.5g of n-hexane extract. Residue was soaked with 400mL of ethyl acetate for 48hours and afforded 4.5g of ethyl acetate extract. Finally, residue was soaked with 400mLof methanol and yielded 12.5g of methanol extract. The ethyl acetate extract showed inhibition zones of 16mm and 11mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.The extracts also showed encourage results of DPPH radical scavenging activity at various concentrations. The ethyl acetate extract of P. africana of stem bark showed promising activity against E. coli, ATCC24534 and S.aureus,ATCC26452. Anti-oxidant activities also were shown prospective result, selectively at lowest concentration and lowest absorbance. This means the result of the study was confirmed that the lowest concentration of 12.5mg/mL and absorbance of 0.208the scavenging activity was 77.6%, while at the highest concentration of 200mg/mL and absorbance of 0.288the scavenging activity was 68.9%.

Keywords:

stem bark; medicine; ailments;anti-bacterial; anti-oxidant; inhibition;Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus.

References:

[1] D. O. Ochwang’i, C. N. Kimwele, J. A. Oduma, P. K. Gathumbi, J. M. Mbaria, and S. G. Kiama, (2014). “Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County, Kenya,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 1040-1055.
[2] V. Steenkamp, (2003). “Phytomedicines for the prostate,” Fitoterapia, vol.74, no.6, pp. 545-552.
[3] N. J. Toyang, H. K. Wabo, E. N. Ateh et al., (2012). “In vitro antiprostate cancer and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of VernoniaguineensisBenth. (Asteraceae) tuber extracts,” Journal ofEthnopharmacology, vol. 141, no. 3, pp. 866-871.
[4] H. Ting, G. Deep, C. Agarwal, and R. Agarwal, (2014). “The strategiesto control prostate cancer by chemoprevention approaches,”Mutation Research, vol.760, pp.1-15.
[5] P. I. Lorenzo and F. Saatcioglu, (2008). “Inhibition of apoptosis inprostate cancer cells by androgens is mediated through downregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation,” Neoplasia,vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 418-428.
[6] S. Schleich, M. Papaioannou, A. Baniahmad, and R. Matusch, (2006). “Activity-guided isolation of an antiandrogenic compound ofPygeumafricanum,” PlantaMedica, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 547-551.
[7] M.E. Taplin, G. J. Bubley, T. D. Shuster et al., (1995).“Mutation of theandrogen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independentprostate cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 332, no.21, pp. 1393-1398.
[8] J. Lu, S.-H. Kim, C. Jiang, H. Lee, and J. Guo, (2007). “Oriental herbs as a source of novel anti-androgen and prostate cancerchemopreventive agents,” ActaPharmacologicaSinica, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1365-1372.
[9] M. Papaioannou, S. Schleich, D. Roell et al., (2010).“NBBS isolatedfrom Pygeumafricanumbark exhibits androgen antagonisticactivity, inhibits AR nuclear translocation and prostate cancercell growth,” Investigational New Drugs, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 729-
743.
[10] T. Gilligan and P. W. Kantoﬀ, (2002).“Chemotherapy for prostatecancer,” Urology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 94-100.
[11] S. Wang, X. Wu, M. Tan et al., (2012).“Fighting fire with fire: poisonous Chinese herbal medicine for cancer therapy,” Journalof Ethnopharmacology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. 33-45.
[12] K. R. Landis-Piwowar and N. R. Iyer, (2014).“Cancer chemoprevention: current state of the art,” Cancer Growth and Metastasis, vol.7, pp. 19-25.
[13] A. Bhanot, R. Sharma, and M. N. Noolvi, (2011).“Natural sources aspotential anti-cancer agents: a review,” International Journal ofPhytomedicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-26.
[14] G. M. Cragg, P. G. Grothaus, and D. J. Newman, (2009).“Impactof natural products on developing new anti-cancer agents,”Chemical Reviews, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 3012-3043.
[15] C. A. C. Kadu, A. Parich, S. Schueler et al., (2012).“Bioactive constituents in Prunusafricana:geographical variation throughoutAfrica and associations with environmental and genetic parameters,” Phytochemistry, vol. 83, pp. 70-78.
[16] O. M. Grace, H. D. V. Prendergast, A. K. Jager, and J. Van Staden, (2003).“Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa: an inventory,” South African Journal ofBotany, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 301-363.
[17] D. W. Nyamai, W. M. Arika, H. O. Rachuonyo, J. R. Wambani,and M. P. Ngugi, (2016).“Herbal management of benign prostatichyperplasia,” Journal of Cancer Science &Terapy, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 130-134.
[18] A. K. Jena, K. Vasisht, N. Sharma, R. Kaur, M. S. Dhingra, and M.Karan, (2016).“Amelioration of testosterone induced benign prostatichyperplasia by Prunus species,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 190, pp. 33-45.
[19] L. Jimu, (2011). “Treats and conservation strategies for the AfricanCherry (Prunusafricana) in its natural range-a review,” Journalof Ecology and Natural Environment, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 118-130.
[20] D. W. Nyamai, A. M. Mawia, F. K. Wanbua, A. Njoroge, and F.Matheri, (2015). “Phytochemical profle of Prunusafricanastem barkfrom Kenya,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products,vol. 1, p. 110.
[21] M. C. Ngule, M. H. Ndiku, and F. Ramesh, (2014). “Chemical constituents screening and in vitro antibacterial assessment ofPrunusafricanabark hydromethanolic extract,” Journal ofNatural Sciences Research, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 85-90.
[22] Taxonomy, economic importance and genomics of Rosaceae, www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/janick.../rosaceae.pdf -United States, down loaded in Mar.10/2019.
[23] K. Stewart, (2009). Eﬀects of Bark Harvest and Other Human Activity on Populations of the African Cherry (Prunusafricana) on Mount Oku, Cameroon, Elsevier.
[24] A. B. Cunningham, E. Ayuk, S. Franzel, B. Duguma, and C.Asanga, (2002). “An economic evaluation of Medical tree cultivation;Prunusafricanain Cameroon,” in People and Working Paper 10, UNESCO.
[25] D. Biswajit, N. Ahmed, and S. Pushkar, (2011). “Prunus diversity-earlyand present development: a review,” International Journal ofBiodiversity and Conservation, vol. 3, no. 14, pp. 721-734.
[26] Chrispus, M., Mueni, N., Ndiku, H., Ramesh, F.,(2014). Chemical Constituents Screening and in Vitro Antibacterial Assessment of Prunus Africana Bark Hydromethanolic Extract: Journal of Natural Sciences Research, vol. 4, no.16, 2224-3186.
[27] Freeman, D. (2011).Antibiotic resistance patterns of pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli isolates from three hospitals in Kumasi, M.Sc. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University, Ghana, pp. 1-95.
[28] Huang, Y.(2011).Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:h7 on baby spinach by aqueous and aerosolized antimicrobials, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Delaware,Newark, DE 19716, United States, pp. 1-111.
[29] Charimba, G. (2004).The incidence, growth and survival of diarrhoeagenicescherichia coli in South African meat products, M.Sc. Thesis,University of the Free State,South Africa, pp. 1-146.
[30] Mitta, R., Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S., Chhibber, S., Harjai, K. (2009).Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Journal of Infection and Public Health,vol. 2, pp. 101-111.
[31] Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset, C. (1995).Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LebensonWissTechnol, vol. 28, pp. 25-30.
[32] Mensor LL, Menezes FS, Leitao GG, Reis AS, dos Santos TC, Coube CS, et al. (2001).Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method.Phytother Res, vol. 15, pp. 127-13.