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NAAS Journal 2026

International Journal Of Language, Literature And Culture(IJLLC)

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  3. Vol-6,Issue-2, March - April 2026
  4. Evil Nature and the Foolish Crowd: A Comparative Study of the Theory of Evil Human Nature and The Crowd

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Evil Nature and the Foolish Crowd: A Comparative Study of the Theory of Evil Human Nature and The Crowd

Zhang Mengjie


International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (IJLLC), Vol-6,Issue-2, March - April 2026, Pages 78-84, 10.22161/ijllc.6.2.11

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Article Info: Received: 24 Mar 2026, Received in revised form: 19 Apr 2026, Accepted: 23 Apr 2026, Available online: 27 Apr 2026

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Both Xunzi's "theory of evil human nature" and Gustave Le Bon's The Crowd reveal the irrational traits within human nature and their impact on social order. From the perspective of Confucian ethical philosophy, Xunzi advocates for achieving "transforming nature and initiating deliberate effort" (huaxing qiwei) through the cultivation of ritual and righteousness. From the standpoint of group psychology, Le Bon emphasizes the role of leader suggestion and group emotion. Both adopt a pessimistic premise regarding human nature and rely on external intervention. However, Xunzi focuses on individual moral cultivation, while Le Bon emphasizes group psychological mechanisms. This contrast offers a new interdisciplinary perspective for understanding human nature and group behavior, while also expanding the scope for modern interpretations of Xunzi's ethical philosophy.

Xunzi, Theory of Evil Human Nature, Gustave Le Bon, Group Psychology.

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