[1] Adegbija, E (1988). ‘My Friend, Where is Anini?’ Decoding the Meaning of Utterances, Journal of Pragmatics 12: 157-160
[2] Adetunji, A. (2006). Inclusion and exclusion in political discourse: Deixis in Olusegun Obasanjo‘s Speeches‘, in Journal of Language and Linguistics 5(2): 177–191.
[3] Agbedo, C.U (2007). Pragmatics of ‘Garrison Demoncrazy’ as a Metaphor in Nigerian Media Political Discourse. http/www./linguisticsafricana.com/pdf/ Accessed July 3, 2020
[4] Akioye, A (1994) The Rhetorical Construction of Radical Africanism at the United Nations: Metaphorical Cluster as Strategy. In Teun A. V.Dijk (ed) Discourse and Society 5:1
[5] Awonuga, C. (2005). A Stylistic Study of Sustenance of Democracy‘ by Nigeria‘s President Olusegun Obasanjo‘, in Journal of Social Science, 11 (2) 111–119.
[6] Beard, A. (2000). The language of politics. New York, NY: Routledge.
[7] Beer, F.A and De Landtsheer C (2004). Metaphorical World Politics. East Lansing Michigan State University Press
[8] Bosman, (1987) Persuasive Effects of Political Metaphors, in Metaphor and Symbol 2(2):97-113
[9] Campbell, J. (1988). The Power of Myth. NewYork: Doubleday.
[10] Daramola, A. (2008). A Child of Necessity: An Analysis of Political Discourse in Nigeria. http/elanguage.net/journals/pragmatics/article/viewFile/596/513 Accessed 10 May, 2022
[11] Fadda, S. (2006). The Use of Metaphor in Political Discourse: The Speeches of G. Bush. Proceedings of 33rd International Systemic Functional Congress.
[12] Fairclough, N. (2001) Language and Power. London: Pearson Education Limited, Harlow.
[13] Gibbs, R. (1994). The Poetics of Mind: figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[14] Graber, D. (1993). Political Communication: Scope, Progress, Promise. In A.W.Finifter(ed) Political Science The State of the Discipline pp305-33
[15] Howe, N (1988). Metaphor in Contemporary American Political Discourse. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 3, 87-104.
[16] Jeffery S, Ronald E, Shana L, Renford R.(2005). Presidential leadership and charisma: The effects of metaphor /http/cognitivepolitics.ucr.edu/event/ Accessed:10th March, 2023
[17] Jeffery,M. and Katz, A.(1996). Metaphor: Implications and Applications. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations Publisher.
[18] Lakoff, G. and John, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago and London: The University ofChicago Press
[19] Lakoff,G. and M.Turner (1989). More than Cool Reason: a field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
[20] Martin, J and Harré M (1982). ‘Metaphor in Science’. In: Miall, David S.(ed.) Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 89–105.
[21] Moreno, M. (2008). Metaphors in Hugo Chavez’s Political Discourse: Conceptualising Nation, Revolution and Opposition. PhD thesis, City University, New York, USA
[22] Ortony,A. (1975) Why Metaphors are Necessary and not just nice. Education Theory, 25, 45-53.
[23] Reddy, M.(1993). The Conduit Metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P. 164-201
[24] Searle, J.(1969) Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[25] Stone, D.A. (1988) Policy Paradox and Political Reason. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman
[26] Taiwo, R. (2008) Metaphors in Nigerian Political Discourse. http/www2.english.su.se/nlj/metfest_08/ Accessed 15 October, 2020
[27] Vertessen and De Landtsheer (2005). A Metaphorical Election Style? Patterns of Symbolic Language Use in Belgian Politics. /http/eis.bris.ac.uk/ Accessed 2nd Feb., 2020.
[28] Wilson, J. (2001) Political Discourse, in Schiffrin, Deborah, Deborah Tannen, and Heidi E Hamilton (eds). The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 1st Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
