[1] Convention on Biological Diversity. (1992). Article 8(h) – Invasive alien species. United Nations. https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/?a=cbd-08
[2] Pyšek, P., Hulme, P. E., Simberloff, D., Bacher, S., Blackburn, T. M., Carlton, J. T., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Foxcroft, L. C., Genovesi, P., Jeschke, J. M., Kühn, I., Liebhold, A. M., Mandrak, N. E., Meyerson, L. A., Pauchard, A., Pergl, J., Roy, H. E., Seebens, H., … Richardson, D. M. (2020). Scientists’ warning on invasive alien species. Biological Reviews, 95(6), 1511–1534. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12627
[3] Seebens, H., Blackburn, T. M., Dyer, E. E., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P. E., Jeschke, J. M., Pagad, S., Pyšek, P., Winter, M., Arianoutsou, M., Bacher, S., Blasius, B., Brundu, G., Capinha, C., Celesti Grapow, L., Dawson, W., Dullinger, S., Fuentes, N., Jäger, H., … Essl, F. (2017). No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications, 8, 14435. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14435
[4] Elton, C. S. (1958). The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen.
[5] Vitousek, P. M., Walker, L. R., Whiteaker, L. D., Mueller Dombois, D., & Matson, P. A. (1987). Biological invasion by Myrica faya alters ecosystem development in Hawaii. Science, 238(4828), 802–804. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4828.802
[6] Vilà, M., Espinar, J. L., Hejda, M., Hulme, P. E., Jarošík, V., Maron, J. L., Pergl, J., Schaffner, U., Sun, Y., & Pyšek, P. (2011). Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 14(7), 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01628.x
[7] Jones, H. P., Holmes, N. D., Butchart, S. H. M., Tershy, B. R., Kappes, P. J., Corkery, I., Aguirre Muñoz, A., Armstrong, D. P., Bonnaud, E., Burbidge, A. A., Campbell, K., Courchamp, F., Cowan, P. E., Cuthbert, R. J., Ebbert, S., Genovesi, P., Howald, G. R., Keitt, B. S., Kress, S. W., … Croll, D. A. (2016). Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(15), 4033–4038. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521179113
[8] IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673
[9] Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Vaissière, A. C., Gozlan, R. E., Roiz, D., Jarić, I., Salles, J. M., Bradshaw, C. J. A., & Courchamp, F. (2021). High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Nature, 592(7855), 571–576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03405-6
[10] European Environment Agency. (2019). The European environment – state and outlook 2020. Publications Office of the European Union.
[11] Speziale, K. L., Lambertucci, S. A., Carrete, M., & Tella, J. L. (2012). Dealing with non-native species: What makes the difference in South America? Biological Invasions, 14(8), 1609–1621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0162-0
[12] Seebens, H., Essl, F., Dawson, W., Fuentes, N., Moser, D., Pergl, J., Pyšek, P., van Kleunen, M., Weber, E., Winter, M., & Blasius, B. (2015). Global trade will accelerate plant invasions in emerging economies under climate change. Global Change Biology, 21(11), 4128–4140. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13021
[13] Pimentel, D. (2018). Biological invasions: economic and environmental costs. In P. E. Hulme (Ed.), Handbook of invasive species (pp. 45–62). Springer. (Chapter DOI not available; book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67156-7)
[14] Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R. E., Vaissière, A. C., Assailly, C., Nuninger, L., Roiz, D., Jourdain, F., Jarić, I., & Courchamp, F. (2021). InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Scientific Data, 7, 277. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z
[15] Ens, E. J., Pert, P. L., Clarke, P. A., Budden, M., Clubb, L., Doran, B., Douras, C., Gaikwad, J., Gott, B., Leonard, S., Locke, J., Packer, J., Turpin, G., & Wason, S. (2015). Indigenous biocultural knowledge in ecosystem science and management: review and insights from Australia. Biological Conservation, 181, 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.008
[16] Shine, C., Williams, N., & Gündling, L. (2019). Legal and institutional frameworks for invasive alien species. IUCN Environmental Law Centre. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2019.03.en
[17] Roy, H.E., Peyton, J., Aldridge, D.C., Bantock, T., Blackburn, T.M., Britton, R., Clark, P., Cook, E., Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Dines, T., Dobson, M., Edwards, F., Harrower, C., Harvey, M.C., Minchin, D.,Noble, D.G., Parrott, D., Pocock, M.J.O., Preston, C.D., Roy, S., Salisbury, A., Schönrogge, K., Sewell,J., Shaw, R.H., Stebbing, P., Stewart, A.J.A. and Walker, K.J. (2014), Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity in Great Britain. Global Change Biology, 20: 3859-3871. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12603
[18] Ricciardi, A., Blackburn, T. M., Carlton, J. T., Dick, J. T. A., Hulme, P. E., Iacarella, J. C., Jeschke, J. M., Liebhold, A. M., Lockwood, J. L., MacIsaac, H. J., Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Ruiz, G. M., Simberloff, D., Sutherland, W. J., Wardle, D. A., & Aldridge, D. C. (2017). Invasion science: a horizon scan of emerging challenges and opportunities. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 32(6), 464–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.03.007
[19] Hellmann, J. J., Byers, J. E., Bierwagen, B. G., & Dukes, J. S. (2008). Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species. Conservation Biology, 22(3), 534–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00951.x
[20] Simberloff, D., Martin, J. L., Genovesi, P., Maris, V., Wardle, D. A., Aronson, J., Courchamp, F., Galil, B., García Berthou, E., Pascal, M., Pyšek, P., Sousa, R., Tabacchi, E., & Vilà, M. (2013). Impacts of biological invasions: what’s what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013
[21] Callaway, R. M., & Ridenour, W. M. (2004). Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(8), 436–443. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0436:NWISAT]2.0.CO;2
[22] Martin, P. A., Newton, A. C., & Bullock, J. M. (2017). Impacts of invasive plants on carbon pools depend on both species’ traits and local climate. Ecology, 98(4), 1026–1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1711
[23] Schlaepfer MA, Sax DF, Olden JD. The potential conservation value of non-native species. Conservation Biology, 2011 Jun;25(3):428-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01646.x. Epub 2011 Feb 22. PMID: 21342267.
[24] Hooper, D. U., Adair, E. C., Cardinale, B. J., Byrnes, J. E. K., Hungate, B. A., Matulich, K. L., Gonzalez, A., Duffy, J. E., Gamfeldt, L., & O’Connor, M. I. (2012). A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. Nature, 486(7401), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11118
[25] Werden, L. K., Sugii, N. C., Weisenberger, L., Keir, M. J., Koob, G., & Zahawi, R. A. (2020). Ex situ conservation of threatened plant species in island biodiversity hotspots: A case study from Hawai‘i. Biological Conservation, 243, Article 108435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108435
[26] Brooks, M. L., D’Antonio, C. M., Richardson, D. M., Grace, J. B., Keeley, J. E., DiTomaso, J. M., Hobbs, R. J., Pellant, M., & Pyke, D. (2004). Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. BioScience, 54(7), 677–688. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0.CO;2
[27] Traveset, A., & Richardson, D. M. (2014). Mutualistic interactions and biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 45, 89–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091857
[28] Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., & Towns, D. R. (Eds.). (2011). Island invasives: Eradication and management. Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives. IUCN.
[29] Nuñez, M. A., & Pauchard, A. (2010). Biological invasions in developing and developed countries: does one model fit all? Biological Invasions, 12(4), 707–714. DOI:10.1007/s10530-009-9517-1
[30] Spatz, D. R., Zilliacus, K. M., Holmes, N. D., Butchart, S. H. M., Genovesi, P., Croll, D. A., Tershy, B. R., & Croll, D. A. (2017). Globally threatened vertebrates on islands with invasive species. Science Advances, 3(10), e1603080. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603080
[31] Yu, F., Akin-Fajiye, M., Thapa Magar, K., Ren, J. and Gurevitch, J. (2016), A global systematic review of ecological field studies on two major invasive plant species, Ageratina adenophora and Chromolaena odorata. Diversity Distrib., 22: 1174-1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12481
[32] Kovacs, K. F., Mercader, R. J., Haight, R. G., Siegert, N. W., McCullough, D. G., & Liebhold, A. M. (2011). The influence of satellite populations of emerald ash borer on projected economic costs in US communities, 2010–2020. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(9), 2170–2181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.043
[33] Strayer, D. L. (2010). Alien species in fresh waters: ecological effects, interactions with other stressors, and prospects for the future. Freshwater Biology, 55(s1), 152–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02380.x
[34] Bax, N., Williamson, A., Aguero, M., Gonzalez, E., & Geeves, W. (2003). Marine invasive alien species: a threat to global biodiversity. Marine Policy, 27(4), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00041-1
[35] Kueffer, C., & Kinney, K.M. (2017). What is the importance of islands to environmental conservation? Environmental Conservation, 44, 311-322. DOI:10.1017/S0376892917000479
[36] Paini, D. R., Sheppard, A. W., Cook, D. C., De Barro, P. J., Worner, S. P., & Thomas, M. B. (2016). Global threat to agriculture from invasive species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(27), 7575–7579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602205113
[37] Kovacs, K. F., Haight, R. G., McCullough, D. G., Mercader, R. J., Siegert, N. W., & Liebhold, A. M. (2010). Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in U.S. communities, 2009–2019. Ecological Economics, 69(3), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.09.004
[38] Early, R., Bradley, B. A., Dukes, J. S., Lawler, J. J., Olden, J. D., Blumenthal, D. M., Gonzalez, P., Grosholz, E. D., Ibañez, I., Miller, L. P., Sorte, C. J. B., & Tatem, A. J. (2016). Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities. Nature Communications, 7, Article 12485. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12485
[39] Lounibos, L. P. (2002). Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 233–266. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145206
[40] Kettunen, M., Genovesi, P., Gollasch, S., Pagad, S., Starfinger, U., ten Brink, P., & Shine, C. (2009). Technical support to EU strategy on invasive species (IAS) – Assessment of the impacts of IAS in Europe and the EU. Final report for the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP). https://ieep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ias_recommendations.pdf
[41] Xu, Haigen & Ding, Hui & Li, Mingyan & Qiang, Sheng & Guo, Jianying & Han, Zhengmin & Huang, Zongguo & Sun, Hongying & He, Shunping & Wu, Hairong & Wan, Fanghao. (2006). The distribution and economic losses of alien species invasion to China. Biological Invasions. 8. 1495-1500. DOI:10.1007/s10530-005-5841-2
[42] McGeoch, M. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Spear, D., Marais, E., Kleynhans, E. J., Symes, A., Chanson, J., & Hoffmann, M. (2010). Global indicators of biological invasion: Species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions, 16(1), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x
[43] Faulkner, K. T., Hulme, P. E., Pagad, S., Wilson, J. R. U., & Robertson, M. P. (2020). Classifying the introduction pathways of alien species: Are we moving in the right direction? NeoBiota, 62, 143–159. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.53543
[44] Turbelin, A. J., Cuthbert, R. N., Essl, F., Haubrock, P. J., Ricciardi, A., & Courchamp, F. (2022). Introduction pathways of economically costly invasive alien species. Biological Invasions, 24, 3603–3623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02796-5
[45] Ruiz, G.M., Carlton, J.T., Grosholz, E.D., & Hines, A.H. (1997). Global Invasions of Marine and Estuarine Habitats by Non-Indigenous Species: Mechanisms, Extent, and Consequences'. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 37, 621-632. DOI:10.1093/ICB/37.6.621
[46] Wilson, J. R. U., Dormontt, E. E., Prentis, P. J., Lowe, A. J., & Richardson, D. M. (2009). Something in the way you move: dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(3), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.007
[47] Mack, R. N., Simberloff, D., Lonsdale, W. M., Evans, H., Clout, M., & Bazzaz, F. A. (2000). Biotic invasions: Causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications, 10(3), 689–710. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0689:BICEGC]2.0.CO;2
[48] Chapman, D., Purse, B. V., Roy, H. E., & Bullock, J. M. (2017). Global trade networks determine the distribution of invasive non native species. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 26(8), 907–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12599
[49] Lososová, Z., Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Danihelka, J., Fajmon, K., Hájek, O., Kintrová, K., Láníková, D., Otýpková, Z., & Řehořek, V. (2012). Biotic homogenization of Central European urban floras depends on residence time of alien species and habitat types. Biological Conservation, 145(1), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.003
[50] Essl, F., Bacher, S., Blackburn, T. M., Booy, O., Brundu, G., Brunel, S., Cardoso, A. C., Eschen, R., Gallardo, B., Galil, B., García Berthou, E., Genovesi, P., Groom, Q., Harrower, C., Hulme, P. E., Katsanevakis, S., Kenis, M., Kühn, I., Kumschick, S., … Jeschke, J. M. (2019). A conceptual framework for range expanding species that track human induced environmental change. BioScience, 69(11), 908–919. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz101
[51] Lodge, D. M., Williams, S., MacIsaac, H. J., Hayes, K. R., Leung, B., Reichard, S., Mack, R. N., Moyle, P. B., Smith, M., Andow, D. A., Carlton, J. T., & McMichael, A. (2006). Biological invasions: Recommendations for U.S. policy and management. Ecological Applications, 16(6), 2035–2054. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2035:BIRFUP]2.0.CO;2
[52] European Parliament and Council. (2014). Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. Official Journal of the European Union, L 317, 35–55. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1143/oj
[53] Glen, A. S., Dickman, C. R., Soulé, M. E., & Mackey, B. G. (2007). Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic regulator in Australian ecosystems. Austral Ecology, 32(5), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01721.x
[54] Head, L., & Atchison, J. (2015). Governing invasive plants: Policy and practice in managing the Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus)–Bushfire nexus in northern Australia. Land Use Policy, 47, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.009
[55] Burgiel, S. W. (2014). From global to local: Integrating policy frameworks for the prevention and management of invasive species. In R. P. Keller, M. W. Cadotte, & G. Sandiford (Eds.), Invasive species in a globalized world: Ecological, social, and legal perspectives on policy (pp. 279–302). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226166216.003.0013
[56] Towns, D.R. and Broome, K.G. (2003), From small Maria to massive Campbell: Forty years of rat eradications from New Zealand islands. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 30: 377-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2003.9518348
[57] Balirwa, J. S., Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Cowx, I. G., Geheb, K., Kaufman, L., Lowe-McConnell, R. H., Seehausen, O., Wanink, J. H., Welcomme, R. L., & Witte, F. (2003). Biodiversity and fishery sustainability in the Lake Victoria basin: an unexpected marriage?. BioScience, 53(8), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0703:BAFSIT]2.0.CO;2
[58] Cruz, F., Carrión, V., Campbell, K. J., Lavoie, C., & Donlan, C. J. (2009). Bio-economics of large-scale eradication of feral goats from Santiago Island, Galápagos. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 73(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-551
[59] Mačić, V., Albano, P. G., Almpanidou, V., et al. (2018). Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning: A Global Systematic Review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00178
[60] Killgore, E. M., Sugiyama, L. S., Barreto, R. W., & Gardner, D. E. (1999). Evaluation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides for biological control of Miconia calvescens in Hawaii. Plant Disease, 83(10), 964. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.10.964b
[61] Barun, A., Simberloff, D., Tvrtković, N., & Pascal, M. (2011). Impact of the introduced small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) on abundance and activity time of the introduced ship rat (Rattus rattus) and the small mammal community on Adriatic islands, Croatia. NeoBiota, 11, 51–61. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.11.1819
[62] Howald, G., Donlan, C. J., Galván, J. P., Russell, J. C., Parkes, J., Samaniego, A., Wang, Y., Veitch, D., Genovesi, P., Pascal, M., Saunders, A., & Tershy, B. (2007). Invasive rodent eradication on islands. Conservation Biology, 21(5), 1258–1268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00755.x
[63] Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. (1990). The decline of the native fishes of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa) and the impact of introduced species, especially the Nile perch, Lates niloticus, and the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 27(2), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF000019
[64] Carrión, V., Donlan, C. J., Campbell, K. J., Lavoie, C., & Cruz, F. (2011). Archipelago-wide island restoration in the Galápagos Islands: Reducing costs of invasive mammal eradication programs and reinvasion risk. PLOS ONE, 6(5), e18835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018835
[65] Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R., & Morrison, D. (2005). Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States. Ecological Economics, 52(3), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.002
