• editor.aipublications@gmail.com
  • Track Your Paper
  • Contact Us
  • ISSN: 2456-8791

International Journal Of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research(IJFAF)

Assessing Artificial Insemination Service Effectiveness and Evaluation of Semen Quality in West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Diribi Mijena , Aman Getiso , Jemal Felecho

Article Info: Received: 04 Apr 2024; Received in revised form: 09 May 2024; Accepted: 17 May 2024; Available online: 26 May Apr 2024

Download | Downloads : 7 | Total View : 2210

DOI: 10.22161/ijfaf.8.2.1

Journal : International Journal Of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research(IJFAF)

Share

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of artificial insemination and semen quality in the Dodola district of the Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey with structured questionnaires and a stratified sample approach was used to gather data from 264 smallholder dairy households (168 rural and 96 peri-urban households). Furthermore, 32 frozen semen straws were collected using a random sampling approach to assess the quality of the frozen semen based on handling effectiveness. Additionally, the number of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate were determined using retrospective data spanning two years (2020–2021). The survey results show that,30.7% of the dairy farmers in the study area regularly and uninterruptedly receive artificial insemination services, while 69.3% do not, citing a lack of inputs, a shortage of artificial insemination technicians, and service interruptions on weekends and holidays. The overall mean numbers of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate in the study area were 2.16, 42.9%, and 45%, respectively. Improper management of liquid nitrogen containers, improper semen deposition in the reproductive tract, neglecting basic AI equipment, and improperly dried straw after removal from warm water thawing were the main issues with semen handling in the study area. The average motility and viability of frozen semen from Source: Laboratory result (2022) was 67.3 ± 5.82 and 78.9 ± 5.77, respectively, but in the district, they were 49.9 ± 5.3 and 59.8 ± 7.4, respectively. According to the results of the survey and experiment, the overall success rate of artificial insemination services was unsatisfactory, with conception failure and improper handling of semen being particularly critical issues that need urgent attention. Therefore, it is important to provide artificial insemination technicians with regular training and sensitization to advance their expertise. However, robust structural integration between logistics centers and supply chains for artificial insemination inputs is necessary to optimize the effectiveness of these services.

Conception rate, peri-urban, rural, Motility, Number of services per conception, non-return rate, Viability

[1] Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2022). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Statistics Service. Agricultural sample survey, Livestock and livestock characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings), Volume II, Statistical Bulletin 594, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[2] Tadesse, G., & Yilma, Z. (2018). Dairy Trade in Ethiopia: Current scenario and way forward review. Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, 8(1), 001-0013. DOI:10.19080/JDVS.2018.08.555728
[3] World Bank Group. (2016). The World Bank Group A to Z 2016. World Bank Publications. http://dx.doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-0655-1
[4] Jabbar, M.; Negassa, A.; Gidyelew, T. (2007). Geographic distribution of cattle and shoats’ populations and their market supply sheds in Ethiopia. ILRI Improving Market Opportunities Discussion Paper. no. 2. 54p. + CD ROM. Nairobi (Kenya): ILRI. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/346
[5] Negassa, A., Rashid, S. and Gebremedhin, B. (2011). Livestock production and marketing in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Support Strategy Program II (ESSP II) Working Paper 26. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/10339
[6] Bekele, T. (2005). Calf sex ratios in artificially inseminated and natural mated female crossbred dairy herd. In proceedings of the 13th annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (pp. 225-230). https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2007000274
[7] Webb, D.W. (2003) Artificial Insemination in Cattle. University of Florida, Gainesville, IFAS Extension, DS 58, 1-4 https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/IR/00/00/47/30/00001/DS08900.pdf
[8] Chebo, C., & Alemayehu, K. (2012). Trends of cattle genetic improvement programs in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 24(7), 1-17. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/7/cheb24109.htm
[9] Moreki, J. C., Pelaelo-Grand, T. D., & Ranko, A. (2019). Artificial insemination in Botswana: Challenges and opportunities-A review. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 4(4), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.150
[10] Lieberman, D., McClure, E., Harston, S., & Madan, D. (2016). Maintaining semen quality by improving cold chain equipment used in cattle artificial insemination. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-9. https://10.1038/srep28108.pdf
[11] Gebremedhin, D., Bekana, M., Tegegne, A., & Belihu, K. (2009). Status of artificial insemination service in Ethiopia. The 17th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, 24-26 September 2009, 87-104. http://10568/27942/ESAP_Proceedings_17.pdf
[12] Pérez-Cabal, M. A., García, C., González-Recio, O., & Alenda, R. (2006). Genetic and phenotypic relationships among locomotion type traits, profit, production, longevity, and fertility in Spanish dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(5), 1776-1783. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72246-9
[13] Husein. [N., & Diriba, L. (2021). Cluster based Oat-vetch mixtures for forage production in Dodola district of West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. J Agric Sc Food Technol 7(3), 359-363. DOI: 10.17352/2455-815X.000132
[14] Yamane, T. (1967). A simplified formula to calculate sample size. https://people.utm.my/maslin/2020/02/24/
[15] Sharifuzzaman, J. M., Barman, S. C., Matin, M. A., Rokonuzzaman, M. D., & Haque, M. A. (2015). Comparative study on conception rate in indigenous and crossbred cows after artificial insemination. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 9-12. https://ijnss.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IJNSS-V2I3-03-pp-9-12.pdf
[16] Doormaal, B. V. (1993). Linear model evaluations of non-return rates for dairy and beef bulls in Canadian AI. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 73(4), 795-804. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.4141/cjas93-082
[17] Mekonnen, T., Bekana, M., & Abayneh, T. (2010). Reproductive performance and efficiency of artificial insemination smallholder dairy cows/heifers in and around Arsi-Negelle, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22(3), 61. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/3/meko22061.htm
[18] Gemechu, T., & Amene, T. (2017). Dairy cattle milk production, handling, processing, utilization and marketing system in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Livestock Production, 8(9), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2017.0381
[19] Worku, A. (2015). Assessment of breeding practices and evaluation of Mass Oestrus Synchronization and Mass Insemination Techniques in Dairy Cattle in West Shoa Zone (M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University), Haramaya, Ethiopia. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/caa572e4-38d2-4daa-b484-47d4b6df40c9/content
[20] Duguma, B., Kechero, Y., & Janssens, G. P. J. (2011). Analysis of constraints facing urban dairy farmers and gender responsibility in animal management in Jimma town. Libyan Agriculture Research Center Journal International, 2 (4): 155-160.
[21] Eshetu, M., Seyoum, M., & Mummed, Y. Y. (2019). Milk production, marketing practices and qualities along milk supply chains of Haramaya District, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(35), 1990-2005. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2019.14087
[22] Kassa, T., & Dekamo, F. (2016). Dairy production and marketing systems in Kaffa and Sheka zones, Southern Ethiopia. J. Market. Consum. Res, 27(1), 242-256. https://docplayer.net/89866965
[23] Duro, E. S. (2022). Cattle Breeding Practice of the Community and Evaluation of Artificial Insemination (AI) after estrus Synchronization in Wondo Genet District, Sidama National Regional State, Southern, Ethiopia. International Journal of Livestock Research, 12(9), 1-15. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edao-Shanku/publication/365730267
[24] Gebremichael, D., Belay, B., & Tegegne, A. (2015). Assessment of breeding practice of dairy cattle in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare,5(23), 96-105. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234661826.pdf
[25] Chalchissa, G., Mekasha, Y., & Urge, M. (2014). Feed resources quality and feeding practices in urban and peri-urban dairy production of southern Ethiopia. Tropical and subtropical Agroecosystems, 17(3), 539-546. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/939/93935728007.pdf
[26] Yousuf, M. (2022). Effect of Artificial Insemination on production performance of dairy cattle in Case of Sayo District West Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. Research Horizon, 2(1), 262-269.https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.2.1.2022.262-269
[27] Regassa, T., & Ashebir, G. (2016). Major factors influencing the reproductive performance of dairy farms in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary and Animal Research, 3(4), 88. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2016.03.00088
[28] Woretaw, A., Admassu, B., Shite, A., & Mohammed, S. (2015). Assessment of Problems Associated with Artificial Insemination Services in Dairy Cattle in Debretabour Town, Ethiopia. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 6 (2): 48-55. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/199937231.pdf
[29] Mengistu, Z. (2019). A Review on Artificial Insemination of Cattle in Ethiopia. Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 6(5), 118-1252. https://juniperpublishers.com/gjorm/pdf/GJORM.MS.ID.555700.pdf
[30] Roelofs, J. B., & Van Erp-van der Kooij, E. (2015). Estrus detection tools and their applicability in cattle: recent and perspectival situation. Anim.Reprod., 12(3), 498-504. http://article/5b5a6033f7783717068b4614/pdf
[31] Crowe, M. A., Hostens, M., & Opsomer, G. (2018). Reproductive management in dairy cows-the future. Irish veterinary journal, 71(1), 1-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29321918/
[32] Nigus, A., Ashebo, Z., Zenebe, T., & Adimasu, T. (2017). Assessment of dairy production and management practice under small holder farmer in Adigrat town. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 7(13), 17-22. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234657427.pdf
[33] Kebebew, Y., & Bekele, T. (2018). Assessment of efficiency and major constraint of artificial insemination service in small holder dairy farmers in and around Adama town. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2018), 5(7), 88-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2018.05.07.006
[34] Demeke, T. (2020). Characterization of Reproductive and Productive Performance of Indigenous and Crossbreed Dairy Cows in Angot District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol, 4(3), 62. http://dx.doi=10.11648/j.ijast.20200403.12
[35] Gebremedhin, D. G. (2008). Assessment of problems/constraints associated with artificial insemination service in Ethiopia (MSc thesis, Addis Ababa University), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/711
[36] Amare, T. (2010). The Status and Constraints of Artificial Insemination in Cattle in the Three Selected Districts of Western Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia (MSc thesis, Bahirdar University), Bahirdar, Ethiopia. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2315770
[37] Hailay, A. (2013). Evaluation of the Reproductive and Artificial Insemination Service Efficiency of Dairy Cattle in Eastern zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia (MSc.thesis, Haramaya university), Haramaya, Ethiopia. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3177
[38] Engidawork, B. (2018). Artificial insemination service efficiency and constraints of artificial insemination service in selected districts of Harari national regional state, Ethiopia. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 8(3), 239-251. https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojas_2018070415144079.pdf
[39] IAEA (2005). Improving artificial breeding of cattle in Africa Guidelines and recommendations A manual prepared under the framework of an IAEA technical cooperation regional AFRA project on increasing and improving milk and meat production (IAEA-TECDOC--1437). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1437_web.pdf
[40] Bhatti, M. A., Chanza, W., Kamwanja, L. A., Chikomola, S., Chipandula, M., Chikaonda, A., Jansen, D.C., Klevar, S., Klem, T.B., Stokstad. & Reksen, O. (2020). Effect of Dry Season Supplement Feeding of Malawi Zebu Cows on Reproductive Performance, Lactation and Weight Gain in Calves. Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 239-248. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_14
[41] Abera, M. (2016.) Reproductive and productive performances of crossbred and indigenous dairy cattle under rural, peri-urban and urban dairy farming systems in west Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. (MSc thesis, Jimma University), Jimma University. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/76178
[42] Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of autoimmunity, 109, 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
[43] Belayneh, E. (2012). Evaluation of Artificial Insemination service efficiency and reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/3659381942
[44] Hamid, M., Abduraman, S., & Tadesse, B. (2021). Risk Factors for the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows and Economic Impact of Failure of First Service Insemination in and around Haramaya Town, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Veterinary medicine international, 2021, 6622487. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6622487
[45] Howlader, M. M. R., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. G., & Hai, M. A. (2019). Factors affecting conception rate of dairy cows following artificial insemination in selected area at sirajgonj district of Bangladesh. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 13(2), 9907-9914. https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.002386.php
[46] Bestha, S., & Banerjee, S. (2021). Assessment of Breeding Practice and Statues of Estrus Synchronization and Mass Insemination Conception Rate of Dairy Cattle in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1091412/v1
[47] UNICEF (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 Update-14th May 2020. Update. UNICEF Ethiopia. https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/COVID-19.pdf.
[48] Sisay, W., Tamene, D., Worku, G., Kidanu, D., Getahun, B., & Nuraddis, I. (2017). Evaluation of artificial insemination efficiency in and around Ejere District, Western Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 8(3), 66-71. https://idosi.org/jri/8(3)17/1.pdf
[49] Juneyid, R., Hassen, A., Kemal, J., & Welay, K. (2017). Assessment on problems associated with artificial insemination service in dairy cattle in Tullo district, West Hararghe, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 21(2), 62-74. DOI: 10.4314/evj.v21i2.5
[50] Yehalaw, B., Jemberu, A., Asnake, A., Wube, A., & Hirpa, H. (2018). Factors affecting the efficiency of artificial insemination in dairy cows in and around Bishoftu (Debrezeit), Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J Reprod Infer, 9(2), 28-35. https://idosi.org/jri/9(2)18/1.pdf
[51] Fekata, A., Galmessa, U., Fita, L., Merera, C., & Bekuma, A. (2020). Dairy cattle producers’ perception on Oestrus Synchronization and mass artificial insemination services in Waliso and Ilu Districts of South West Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Insights in Veterinary Science, 4, 10-13. https://www.heighpubs.org/hvsr/ivs-aid1020.php