• editor.aipublications@gmail.com
  • Track Your Paper
  • Contact Us
  • ISSN: 2456-8791

International Journal Of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research(IJFAF)

Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) Leaf on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Poaceous Crops

Awadallah B. Dafaallah , Eman O. El-Twom

Download | Downloads : 8 | Total View : 2839

DOI: 10.22161/ijfaf.1.4.3

Journal : International Journal Of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research(IJFAF)

Share

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan in season 2014/15 to study the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) leaf on seed germination and seedling growth of some poaceous crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of leaf aqueous extract of Eucalyptus on seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.), maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.). Six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of the leaf aqueous extract of Eucalyptus were prepared from the stock solution (50 g / l). Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. The seeds were examined for germination at three days after initial germination. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus leaf powder on seedling growth of the same crops. The leaf powder of Eucalyptus was incorporated into the soil at rate of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% on w/w bases in pots. Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. The experiments were terminated at 30 days after sowing and the plant height, number of leaves and root length of crop seedlings were measured as well as plant fresh and dry weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance procedure. Means were separated for significance using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test at p  0.5. The results showed that the leaf aqueous extract of Eucalyptus significantly reduced seed germination of the tested poaceous crops and there was direct negative relationship between concentration and germination. Also, the results showed that incorporating leaf powder of Eucalyptus into the soil significantly decreased plant height, number of leaves and root length of crop seedlings as well as seedling fresh and dry weight. In addition, the reduction in seedling growth was increased as the leaf powder increased in the soil. Based on results supported by different studies, it was concluded that Eucalyptus has allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the poaceous crops.

Allelopathy; Allelochemicals; Eucalyptus; Poeaeae.

[1] Chou, C. H. (1990). The role of allelopathy in agroecosystems: Studies from tropical Taiwan. In: Gliessman S. R. (ed)1990. Agroecology: Researching the ecological basis for sustainable agriculture. Ecological studies 1978. Springer - Verlag. Berlin, 105-121.
[2] Cossalter, C. and Pye-Smith, C. (2003). Fast-wood Forestry: Myths and Realities. Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia. 9 pp.
[3] Delabays, N., Mermillod G., De Joffrey J. P., Bohren C. (2004). Demonstration, in cultivated fields, of the reality of the phenomenon of Allelopathy. XII. International conference on weed biology, 97-104.
[4] Elbasher, O. A. (2016). Vermination of climate changes using rainfall and temperature as indicators and its impacts on agricultural production in the arid zone of Sudan (1981-210). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Gezira, Sudan.
[5] Gardner, R.A.W. (2007). Investigating the environmental adaptability of promising subtropical and coldtolerant eucalyptus species in warm temperate climate zone of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal, 69:27-38.
[6] Gholami, B. A.; Faravani, M. and Kashki, M. T. (2011). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract from Artemisia kopetdaghensis and Satureja hortensison growth and seed germination of weeds. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences,1(9): 283-290.
[7] Gurmu, W.R. (2015). Effects of Aqueous Eucalyptus Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. Open Access Library Journal, 2: e1741.
[8] Hussain, I. M. and Reigosa, M. J. (2011). Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three C3 perennial species, Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(13): 4533-4545.
[9] Khan, M.A., Hussain, I. and Khan, E.A. (2007) Effect of Aqueous Extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. on Germination and Growth of Maize. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 13, 177-182.
[10] Khan, M.A., Hussain, I. and Khan, E. A. (2009). Allelopathic effects of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 15: 131-143.
[11] Kubmarawa. D., Andenyahg I. F. H. and Magomya, A. M. (2008). Amino acid profile of two non-conventional leafy vegetables, Sesamum indicum and Balanaites aegyptiaca. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 19:3502-3504.
[12] Malik, M.S. (2004). Effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus on germination and seedling growth of potato, maize and bean. Allelopathy Journal, 14: 213-219.
[13] Mohamadi, N. and Rajaie, P. (2009). Effects of Aqueous Eucalyptus (E. camadulensis Labill) Extracts on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Physiological Responses of Phaseolus vulgaris and Sorghum bicolor. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (12): 1292-1296
[14] Moradshahi, A., Ghadiri, H. and Ebrahimikia, F. (2003). Allelopathic effects of crude volatile oil and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves on crops and weeds. Allelopathy Journal, 12: 189-195.
[15] Mubarak, AR., Abdalla, M. H., Nortcliff, S. (2011). Millet (Pennisetum typhoides) yield and selected soil attributes as influenced by some tree types of the semi-arid tropics of Sudan. Arid Environ. 77:96-102.
[16] Onyewotu LOZ, Ogigirigi, M. A, Stigter. C. J. (1994). A study of the competitive effects between a Eucalyptus camaldulensis shelterbelt and adjacent millet (Pennisetum typhoides) crop. Agriculture, Ecosys. Environ. 51:281-286.
[17] Patil, R. H., Hunshal, C. S. and Itnal, C. I. (2002). Influence of bund planted Eucalyptus trees row on winter wheat. Allelopathy Journal, 10: 21-28.
[18] Pérez Bidegain M, García-Préchac F, Methol R (2001). Long-term effect of tillage intensity for Eucalyptus grandis planting on some soil physical properties in an Uruguayan Alfisol. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rio de Janeiro, in CD-ROM.
[19] Sani, I., bdulhamid, A. and Bello, F. (2014). Eucalyptus camaldulensis: Phytochemical composition of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, stembark, root, fruits and seeds. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research, 3(5): 523-526
[20] Shayoub, M. El., Dawoud A. D. H., Abdelmageed, M. AM., Ehassan, A.M. and Ehassan, A. M. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of leaves extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2(1): 64-71.
[21] Singh, P. A. and Chaudharv, B. R. (2011). Allelopathic potential of algae weed Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) ittrock on the germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa L., Botany Research International, 4(2): 36-40.
[22] Turnbull, J.W. (1999). Eucalypt plantations. New Forest, 17:37-52.
[23] Ziaebrahimi, L., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Fahimi, H. and Nejadsatari, T. (2007). Effects of Aqueous Eucalyptus Extracts on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Activities of Peroxidase and Polyphenoloxidase in Three Wheat Cultivar Seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 3415-3419.