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International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Computers(IJEEC)

Advancements in the Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Approaches and Emerging Paradigms

Loveleen Kumar , Rajesh Rajaan , Nilam Choudhary , Aakriti Sharma , Harpreet Singh Gill


International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computers (IJECC), Vol-10,Issue-1, January - February 2025, Pages 1-7, 10.22161/eec.101.1

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Article Info: Received: 25 Jan 2025; Accepted: 19 Feb 2025; Date of Publication: 25 Feb 2025

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) classification has evolved significantly, moving beyond traditional dichotomies (Type 1/Type 2) to incorporate genetic, molecular, and phenotypic heterogeneity. This review synthesizes evidence from 95 studies (2020–2023) to evaluate modern frameworks, including precision medicine-driven subtypes, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and hybrid classifications. We compare diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, and clinical utility, emphasizing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and omics technologies. Gaps in universal standardization and equitable implementation are discussed.

Diabetes classification, Precision medicine, LADA, MODY, Biomarkers, Machine learning, Heterogeneity

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