International Journal Of Chemistry, Mathematics And Physics(IJCMP)

In planetary surface and underwater reconnaissance, UAVs are critical. This study proposes an automatic zoom illumination system for extraterrestrial surface exploration, leveraging the inverse-square relationship between illuminance and distance. The investigation is divided into two parts: the illuminance–distance relationship and the zoom optical system. In part one, the inverse-square law E=I/r2 is experimentally verified using five LED downlights of different powers. At distances of 1 m and 2 m, the measured illuminance values closely match the theoretical predictions, with an average error of only 2.3%. This confirms that illuminance decreases with the square of distance. Thus, when a UAV at a fixed altitude encounters terrain depressions, the power adjustment needed to maintain illuminance can be calculated from the laser-measured distance.The second part addresses the zoom optical system. To increase local illuminance, one can raise the LED power to boost luminous flux, using E=Φ/A. With a maximum efficacy of 150 lm/W, the required power can be derived. If the needed power exceeds the LED’s rating, one may use a spherical lens to concentrate light or a laser system. This work focuses on the lens approach. Varying the LED–lens distance changes the refraction angle, adjusting beam divergence and concentrating light. Optical simulations optimize floodlight uniformity and spotlight efficiency, enabling a zoom beam from focused to wide. The relationships among source–lens separation, distance, and illuminance are determined.