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International Journal Of Chemistry, Mathematics And Physics(IJCMP)

The Effects of Mineral Acids and Bases on Physico-Chemical Pretreatment and Bioethanol Yield from Some Selected Agro-Peel Wastes

I. C. Onuguh , A.C. Adingwupu , I. Y. Aaron , V. J. Oke , O.S. Imade


International Journal of Chemistry, Mathematics And Physics(IJCMP), Vol-9,Issue-1, January - March 2025, Pages 1-4 , 10.22161/ijcmp.9.1.1

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Article Info: Received: 12 Jun 2024; Received in revised form: 20 Nov 2025; Accepted: 25 Feb 2025; Available online: 03 Mar 2025

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This research work investigated suitable mineral acids and bases that could be utilized for physico-chemical pretreatment of agro-peel wastes for optimal bioethanol yield. Each substrate was physico-chemically pretreated with water, 1% NaOH, 1% KOH, 1% Ca(OH)2, 1% H2SO4 1% HCl and 1% HNO3 in order to identify the reagent that has the best hydrolytic effect. Thereafter, the concentration of the identified reagents with the best hydrolytic effects in each case was scaled up to 2% and 3% reagent concentrations in order to identify the optimum concentration for optimal bioethanol yield. Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation strategy using Trichoderma ressi, P. stipitis and S. cerevisiae inoculums were adopted under aseptic condition. It was found that the amount of sugars liberated depended on the type of chemical reagent utilized during physico-chemical pretreatment. The substrates seemed to be chemically selective; however, 1% NaOH, 1% H2SO4 and 1% HCl gave the best hydrolytic results. It was also found that mild pretreatment conditions were necessary for optimum bioethanol yield. Bioethanol production and yield took place optimally in samples physico-chemically pretreated with 1% reagent concentration when compared with 2% and 3% reagent concentrations.

Bioethanol, Agro-peel Wastes, Pretreatment, Saccharification, Fermentation, Mineral Acids and Bases

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