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International Journal Of Chemistry, Mathematics And Physics(IJCMP)

Physicochemical Analysis, Heavy Metals Contaminants and Health Risks Assessment in Harmattan Dust Within the Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda Zamfara State Nigeria

Momoh Shaibu , Ahmed A. Abbas , Odenigbo C. Clifford , Samila A. Abdullahi


International Journal of Chemistry, Mathematics And Physics(IJCMP), Vol-8,Issue-2, April - June 2024, Pages 1-7 , 10.22161/ijcmp.8.2.1

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Article Info: Received: 25 Feb 2024; Received in revised form: 15 Apr 2024; Accepted: 25 Apr 2023; Available online: 03 May 2024

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The increasing exposure of humans to Harmattan dust is becoming a growing concern, especially in Northern Nigeria. This study aimed to identify the heavy metal contaminants, assess the associated health risks, and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the Harmattan dust. During the sample collection period, which took place from December 2023 to February 2024, Harmattan dust samples were collected from 20 different locations, 4.5 cm above the ground, using cleaned Petri dishes. The composite samples from each month were analyzed using standard analytical techniques and AAS to examine the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contamination, respectively. The results of the physicochemical examination, which included pH, organic matter, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and moisture content, showed a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05), using statistical tools. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals such as pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr among the samples collected in December, January, and February. The concentration of pb and Ni was high in December and January, at 78 mg/kg and 73 mg/kg, respectively, while Ni was at 108 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg for December and January, respectively. The health risk assessment, using the model developed by EPA for children and adults, showed that Cu, Ni, and pb had a hazard index of 1.305, 1.098, and 1.205, and 1.050, respectively. Therefore, Cu and Ni pose health risks for children, while pb poses health risks for both children and adults. Protective measures, such as face masks, during the Harmattan period may help protect people from direct exposure to these heavy metals.

Harmattan dust, Physicochemical, Heavy metal, Kaura Namoda

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